ecancermedicalscience

Research

Volume-replacement oncoplastic surgery using chest wall perforator flaps without Doppler mapping: surgical and patient-reported outcomes from a high-volume tertiary cancer centre in India

1 Sep 2026
Ashutosh Mishra, Amit Kumar, Ajay Gogia, Chinmay Bagla, Gajendra Pandit, Jyoti Sharma, Jyoutishman Saikia, Rohan Kapoor, D N Sharma, Atul Batra, Surendra Saini, Supriya Mallick, Nishkarsh Gupta, Brajesh Ratre, Ruchi Rathore, Sandeep Mathur, Sunil Kumar, Suryanarayana Deo

Background: Oncoplastic breast surgery seeks to preserve aesthetic outcomes without compromising oncological safety. Various flap techniques based on tumour location exist, yet limited evidence exists evaluating perforator-based oncoplastic breast reconstruction. This study evaluates surgical and patient-reported outcomes of partial breast reconstruction using chest wall perforator flaps (CWPFs) without Doppler assistance.

Methods: The study included 137 patients who underwent CWPFs post-January 2020 and completed 1 year of follow-up before April 2025. Data were analysed from a prospectively maintained database, recording demographics, perioperative events and surgical outcomes. Patient satisfaction was assessed with the BREAST-QTM questionnaire six months after radiotherapy completion.

Results: The mean age of the study population was 48.1 years. Lateral intercostal artery perforator, medial intercostal artery perforator and anterior intercostal artery perforator were performed in 59.1%, 28.5%, and 12.4%, respectively. Mean operative time for flap harvesting and insetting was 41, 23 and 25 minutes, respectively. Postoperative complications, graded using the Clavien–Dindo classification, included minor wound dehiscence (9.49%), marginal flap necrosis (2.91%), seroma (2.18%) and hematoma (0.72%). Adjuvant radiation therapy was completed by 97.08% of patients. The BREAST-QTM questionnaire, answered by 113 patients (82.4%), revealed the highest satisfaction scores for breast surgeon, medical team and office staff (median interquartile range (IQR) of 100 (0)), while sexual well-being scored lowest (median (IQR) of 72 (46)).

Conclusion: No-Doppler CWPFs offer a simple, reliable and safe solution for partial breast reconstruction, delivering high patient satisfaction without reliance on specialised imaging. This muscle-sparing, cost-effective approach reinforces the importance of anatomical precision over technology, making it a valuable addition to oncoplastic practice in diverse healthcare environments.

Related Articles

Patricia N Apenteng, Larry Akoko, Vihar Kotecha, Theresia Mwakyembe, Masumbuko Mwashambwa, Rukia Himid, Deo Hando, Charles Komba, Ally Mwanga, Peter Mbele, Paul Itule, Joshua Jackson, Mungeni Misidai, Cameron Gaskill, Doruk Ozgediz, Nathan Brand
Hafssa El Hilali, Nassiba Bahra, Sanae Guennouni, Chaymae Chbihi, Samia El Hakym, Diango Keita, Sara Nejjari, Abir Oufrid, Oumaima Siyouri, Lamiae Amaadour, Karima Oualla, Zineb Benbrahim, Touria Bouhafa, Nawfel Mellas, Samira El Fakir, Samia Arifi
Bincy Mathew, Nitin Yashas Murthy, Amit Rauthan, Poonam Patil, Devesh Ballal, Shabber S Zaveri, Guddahatty Nanjappa Hemanth, Ananthakrishnan Nidheesh, Nidudi Javaregowda Harshitha