ecancermedicalscience

Research

Diagnostic value of routine endoscopic studies in staging locally advanced cervical cancer: a multicenter experience from a low and middle-income country

4 Jun 2026
Jorge Hoegl, Andreina Fernandes, Fernando Hidalgo, Sunangela Escalona, Anthony López, Yetsy Muñoz, Paola Morillo, Mary Carmen Hidalgo, Luisa López, María Briceño, María Mercedes Pérez

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic value of routine cystoscopy and rectosigmoidoscopy in staging locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) in a low - middle - income country (LMIC) setting.

Material and methods: A multicenter, retrospective cohort study of 233 patients with LACC (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2018 stages IB3–IVB) in Venezuela. All patients underwent clinical examination, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and routine endoscopy. The primary outcome was the confirmation of mucosal invasion by endoscopy in patients without prior clinical or radiological suspicion.

Results: Endoscopically confirmed bladder and rectal mucosal invasion occurred in 6.0% and 3.0% of patients, respectively. In 95% of all positive cases, suspicion was already present on MRI or clinical symptoms. MRI demonstrated high negative predictive values for bladder (95.9%, confidence interval (CI) 95% 92.5–98.1) and rectal (97.4% CI 95% 92.2–97.8) invasion. Notably, no treatment plan was modified solely based on endoscopic findings. Routine endoscopy was negative in 94% of cystoscopies and 97% of rectosigmoidoscopies.

Conclusion: Routine endoscopic staging in LACC showed a very low diagnostic yield and no impact on therapeutic decisions in this LMIC setting. A selective, imaging–guided approach is safe, resource–efficient and aligns with international guidelines, advocating for a change in local protocols. These findings strongly support discontinuing routine endoscopy in LMIC staging protocols.

Related Articles

Sandro Casavilca-Zambrano, Juan Contreras-Mancilla, Camille Laurent, Jaqueline Montoya, Rosdali Diaz-Coronado, Jorge Honles, Ruddy Liendo-Picoaga, Jenny Bonifacio-Mundaca, Jhoysi Casas-Goñas, Juan Pablo Cerapio, Carlos Barrionuevo, Tatiana Vidaurre, Stéphane Bertani
Chase Peng Yun Ng, Asmita Raja, Alicia Hunter, Sai Kalpitha Eragamreddy, Grace Tan, Shahin Sayed, Looi Lai-Meng, Leke Folaranmi, Beatriz Hornburg, Meritxell Mallafre-Larrosa, Julie Torode, Ajay Aggarwal, Kenneth Fleming, Richard Sullivan
Elizabeth Hatzaw, Jane Ralte, Vignesh Krishnasamy, Lalengkimi Ralte, Rajendra Bose Muthukumaran, Kasi Marimuthu, Nachimuthu Senthil Kumar
Ryan R. Lion, Glenn Mbah, Nathalie De Sousa Santos, Anne Gagnepain-Lacheteau, Karim Assani, Aissata Barry, Viviane Bissyande, Chantal Bouda, Aleine Budiongo, Isaac Bahati Chuma, Line Couitchéré, Fatou Binetou Diagne Akondé, Mame Ndella Diouf, Aimée Kissou, Robert Lukamba Mbuli, Boubacar Togo, Kan Paulin Yao, Yao Atteby Jean Jacques, Lea Zaho, Ekhtelbenina Zein, Isatou Bah Madison, Laila Hessissen
Victor Acosta Marín, Fernando Petracci, Denis U Landaverde, William Mantilla, Cynthia Villarreal, Guianeya Santander, Agatha Reyes, Joel Moreno, Ahmad Wali Mushtaq, Brizio Moreno, Juan Carlos Samamé
Prasanth Srinivasan, Gargi Das, Balaji Thiruvengadam Kothandan, Gautam Vydia Vedagiri, Anand Raja, Venkatraman Radhakrishnan