ecancermedicalscience

Review

Challenges and shifting paradigms in clinical trials in oncology, the case for immunological and targeted therapies

5 Jul 2019
Diana Carolina Sotelo-Rodríguez, Alejandro Ruíz-Patiño, Luisa Ricaurte, Oscar Arrieta, Zyanya Lucia Zatarain-Barrón, Andrés F Cardona

The advent of immunotherapy has undoubtedly changed the current standard for cancer treatment. Immunotherapy offers the possibility of achieving excellent results—a new alternative for patients with advanced-stage or relapsed disease. Nowadays, the progress made in tumour biology has led to multiple advances in clinical and translational cancer research. Many oncogenic pathways responsible for tumour growth and metastases have been described and, consequently, multiple new cancer therapeutic agents have been developed and are under current investigation. Due to this rapid increase in knowledge and pharmaceutical development, traditional clinical trials designs have encountered major limitations. The pharmacological differences (in toxicity profiles and effectiveness patterns) between immunotherapy and chemotherapy have caused traditional clinical trials to evolve in order to meet this emerging need. This review focuses on the different options pertaining to clinical trial design that have arisen in the field of immuno-oncology, as well as the challenges of accurately interpreting traditional survival analyses within this novel area of cancer medicine.

Related Articles

João Felipe Lima Feldmann, João Henrique Lima Feldmann, Cassio Murilo Hidalgo-Filho, Amanda Acioli de Almeida Robatto, Breno Jeha Araújo, Publio Cesar Cavalcante Viana, Gilberto de Castro Junior
Nuradh Joseph, Vimukthini Peiris, Vodathi Bamunuarachchi, Prasad Abeysinghe, Nadarajah Jeyakumaran, Devinda Jayathilake, Kanthi Perera, Rohini Fernandopulle, Sanjeeva Gunasekera
Susan Msadabwe, Peng Yun Ng, Richard Sullivan, Kennedy Lishimpi, John Kachimba, Justor Banda, Jane Mumba, Abidan Chansa, Mutuna Chiwele, Kasonde Bowa, Kaseya Chiyenu, Linda Malulu-Chiwele, Julie Torode, Grant Lewison, Andrew Leather, Ajay Aggarwal, Kathleen Schmeler, Groesbeck Parham, Kabisa Mwala, Paul Kamfwa