Background: Implementation science focuses on the study and application of methods and strategies to facilitate the systematic adoption of evidence-based interventions and programs that enhance cancer prevention, detection, diagnosis, treatment and survivorship outcomes. Despite concerted efforts by African governments, international organizations and private sectors to mitigate the cancer burden, significant challenges persist in delivering effective and equitable cancer care across the continuum. The study assessed the needs of researchers and clinicians in Africa engaged in implementation and dissemination science.

Methods: Data were gathered to explore gaps in collaboration, mentorship and funding while also examining the barriers and enablers to building implementation science capacity.

Results: The findings revealed a growing interest in implementation science among African clinicians and researchers. However, significant challenges were identified, including difficulties in finding collaborators, limited access to mentors and inadequate funding opportunities. These gaps have hindered the ability of professionals to address the escalating cancer burden effectively.

Conclusion: The study concluded that substantial gaps in implementation science capacity exist in Africa, which must be addressed to improve cancer care outcomes. Strengthening capacity in this field is critical to equipping researchers and clinicians to manage the rising cancer burden.

Recommendations: The study recommends a multifaceted approach to building implementation science capacity in Africa. Key strategies include mentorship programs, targeted training, increased stakeholder involvement and the establishment of sustainable funding mechanisms to support research and practice in this area.