Dr Lucia Richter speaks to ecancer about unveiling the rare: p16 expression and real-world management of penile cancer in Bolivia.

She says that penile squamous cell carcinoma is rare but a serious health challenge in regions with high human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence.

Bolivia has one of the highest rates of HPV and penile cancer in South America, yet no national molecular or outcome data existed until now.

This study analysed 53 patients treated at the Instituto Oncológico del Oriente Boliviano between 2018 and 2025.

The results highlighted the need for early detection, genital hygiene education, and HPV vaccination, supporting Bolivia’s 2024 male HPV vaccination rollout.

The study also led to the creation of the IOOB Uro-Oncology Tumor Board in 2023 to standardise care.

This first national penile squamous cell carcinoma series underscores the importance of prevention, early diagnosis, and multidisciplinary management in high-incidence regions.