Investigators for the nationwide trial, NCI-MATCH: Molecular Analysis for Therapy Choice (EAY131), has announced at the annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) in Chicago that the precision medicine trial will open to patient enrolment in July.

The trial seeks to determine whether targeted therapies for people whose tumours have specific gene mutations will be effective regardless of their cancer type.

NCI-MATCH will incorporate more than 20 different study drugs or drug combinations, each targeting a specific gene mutation, in order to match each patient in the trial with a therapy that targets a molecular abnormality in their tumour.

The study was co-developed by the National Cancer Institute (NCI), part of the National Institutes of Health, and the ECOG-ACRIN Cancer Research Group, part of the NCI-sponsored National Clinical Trials Network (NCTN).

It is being led by ECOG-ACRIN.

NCI-MATCH is a phase II trial with numerous small substudies (arms) for each treatment being investigated.

It will open with approximately 10 substudies, moving to 20 or more within months.

The study parameters for the first 10 arms are being sent to 2,400 participating sites in the NCTN for review in preparation for patient enrolment beginning in July.

Additional substudies are in development and will be added over time as the trial progresses.

The NCI-MATCH trial has two enrolment steps.

Each patient will initially enrol for screening in which samples of their tumour will be removed (biopsied).

The samples will undergo DNA sequencing to detect genetic abnormalities that may be driving tumour growth and might be targeted by one of a wide range of drugs being studied.

If a molecular abnormality is detected for which there is a specific substudy available, to be accepted in NCI-MATCH patients will be further evaluated to determine if they meet the specific eligibility requirements within that arm.

Once enrolled, patients will be treated with the targeted drug regimen for as long as their tumour shrinks or remains stable.

Overall, trial investigators plan to screen about 3,000 patients during the full course of the NCI-MATCH trial to enrol about 1,000 patients in the various treatment arms.

Adults 18 years of age and older with solid tumours or lymphomas that have advanced following at least one line of standard systemic therapy, or with tumours for which there is no standard treatment, will be eligible.

Each arm of the trial will enrol up to 35 patients. The trial’s design calls for at least a quarter of the 1,000-patients enrolled to involve people with rare types of cancer. 

Since many gene mutations in tumours are infrequent or unique, screening for individual mutations is not cost-effective or efficient in clinical trials. 

Instead, NCI-MATCH will use advanced gene sequencing techniques to screen for many molecular abnormalities at once.

Large numbers of patient tumours will need to be screened because most gene mutations occur in 10 percent or less of cancer patients.

Most patients are expected to have one, or at most two, treatable mutations in their tumours.

By having multiple treatments available for these genetic abnormalities in a single clinical trial, several different study drugs or drug combinations can be evaluated simultaneously.

“In addition to exploring very fundamental aspects of cancer biology and therapy, this trial will bring cutting-edge molecular analysis and a large portfolio of targeted therapy treatment regimens to patients being treated at oncology practices large and small,” said ECOG-ACRIN study chair, Keith T. Flaherty, M.D., a medical oncologist at Massachusetts General Hospital and associate professor, Harvard Medical School, both in Boston.

NCI-MATCH will use a single DNA sequencing test to identify gene mutations in patients’ tumours.

The NCI Molecular Characterization Laboratory at the NCI Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in Frederick, Maryland, has developed the test which looks for 143 genes associated with cancer that can be targeted by drugs in the trial.

To ensure quality control, biopsy specimens from all 3,000 screened patients will be sent to a single location for processing: the ECOG-ACRIN Central Biorepository and Pathology Facility at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston.

The DNA sequencing analysis will be done at one of four facilities using a standardised process. 

"The use of a unique kit for specimen collection, shipment, and centralised tissue processing, assures high-quality analysis,” said ECOG-ACRIN laboratory lead, Stanley R. Hamilton, M.D., head of pathology and laboratory medicine at the MD Anderson Cancer Center.

“The network of four molecular diagnostics labs provides capacity for large numbers of patients to be screened in the trial. Pilot testing of specimens across the four locations showed remarkable reproducibility of the molecular results—another important aspect of quality assurance in trials of this scope and scale."

The cancer treatment drugs being used in NCI-MATCH include both US Food and Drug Administration approved drugs as well as investigational agents that are being contributed by a number of pharmaceutical companies.

Most of the arms in the trial will incorporate single-agent drugs that are either commercially available or are still being tested in clinical trials.

However, a few arms will contain combinations of drugs for which there are enough safety data and evidence that they might be active against a particular genetic abnormality.

Since NCI-MATCH is designed to explore whether drugs are effective against specific molecular abnormalities, patients who have tumours that can be treated with a drug already approved by the FDA for their molecular abnormality will not be eligible to use the same drug in NCI-MATCH.

They could be considered for other drugs within NCI-MATCH if they have already received an approved therapy and have a different genetic abnormality that could be targeted with a new drug.

There are two main clinical endpoints in the NCI-MATCH trial.

The primary endpoint is the overall response rate, which is the proportion of patients in the trial whose tumours shrink by a predefined amount over a specific time period.

The secondary endpoint is 6-month progression-free survival, which is a measure of whether a patient’s disease remains stable.

“For our purposes, a response rate of 5 percent or less in a molecularly-defined population will not be considered promising, whereas a response rate of 16 percent to 25 percent will be encouraging,” said NCI study co-chair Barbara A. Conley, M.D., associate director of the NCI’s Cancer Diagnosis Program.

“After starting treatment in NCI-MATCH, a 6-month progression-free survival of 15 percent will not be considered promising, whereas a progression-free survival at six months of 35 percent will indicate that we would want to develop that treatment further.”

Enrolment in NCI-MATCH will be available across the country through NCTN sites.

In addition, the trial will be available through sites nationwide that participate in the NCI Community Oncology Research Program.

All of the approximately 2,400 sites that participate in the trial will use the NCI Central Institutional Review Board as the institutional review board of record.

Sites will access the trial under the protocol identification EAY131 via the NCI Cancer Trials Support Unit.

The principal investigators who will lead the substudies are situated throughout the NCTN and its participating network groups: ECOG-ACRIN, the Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology, NRG Oncology and SWOG.

All of these investigators have expertise in molecular studies, and many are junior researchers involved with, and being mentored by, experienced senior investigators.

Patient advocates were engaged in the development of the trial and will help oversee the protocol and other aspects of the study.

Source: NCI