3 year follow-up shows durable long-term RFS and DMFS benefit with mRNA-4157 plus pembrolizumab in resected melanoma

Dr Meredith McKean - Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, USA

KEYNOTE-942 data that were presented at ASCO in 2024, this was a three-year update from the adjuvant phase II clinical trial evaluating mRNA-4157 with pembrolizumab versus pembrolizumab monotherapy. This was a clinical trial that enrolled patients with high-risk stage 3b through stage 4 resected myeloma. Patients were randomised 2:1 to receive the combination of the individualised neoantigen therapy with pembrolizumab versus pembrolizumab.

At ASCO 2024 we had a three-year update demonstrating consistent relapse free survival benefit that, if anything, is continuing to increase with time. The hazard ratio was 0.51, demonstrating a nearly 50% improvement in recurrence versus pembrolizumab monotherapy. Importantly, there was also a sustained improvement in distant metastasis free survival. The argument is that in patients that develop recurrence, if it’s a local recurrence maybe that could be treated with local therapies such as radiation or surgery. But if we’re preventing patients from developing metastatic disease at sites such as brain, liver, lung, that’s significantly impactful for patients. That was what was demonstrated further on the three-year update.