Lung cancer cases continue to rise in women with more than 18,000 UK women diagnosed with the disease in 2009 according to the latest Cancer Research UK figures.

Rates of the disease have risen to 39.3 for every 100,000 UK women from 22.2 for every 100,000 in 1975 when there were fewer than 8,000 cases.

Lung cancer is still more common in men with more than 23,000 cases in 2009 but rates in men have been falling fast.

Male lung cancer incidence is now 58.8 per 100,000 UK men compared with 110 in 1975.

Cases of lung cancer mirror smoking rates around two to three decades earlier as more than 80 per cent of cases are caused by tobacco.

And the differences in lung cancer cases for men and women reflect the smoking patterns in previous decades for each sex.

Smoking rates for women in Great Britain were highest throughout the "Mad Men" era of the 1960s, with around 45 per cent of women smoking. This has since fallen to 20 per cent.

More than 65 per cent of men smoked during World War II and throughout the rest of the 1940s with lung cancer rates in men peaking around 30 years later in 1979 at nearly 115 men out of every 100,000. Now, 22 per cent of men are smokers.

The new figures also reveal that the total number of UK lung cancer deaths stands at almost 35,000. 19,410 men and 15,449 women died from the disease in 2010.

Until the late 1990s, lung cancer was the most common cancer in the UK. In 1997 it was overtaken by breast cancer, but still accounts for 14 per cent of all new cancer cases in men, and 11 per cent in women.

Several publications have been important in highlighting the dangers of smoking, helping reduce the number of smokers and ultimately lung cancer incidence.

The British Doctors’ Study – partly funded by Cancer Research UK – ran from 1951 to 2001 and was the first to show that smoking increases the risk of lung cancer. It went on to clearly show the benefits of quitting. The 1962 Royal College of Physicians’ report, Smoking and Health, helped change the perception of smoking and raised awareness of smoking-related diseases. This report also set out key recommendation on how to reduce smoking rates – such as removing tobacco advertising from TV.

Successful anti-smoking measures - such as the tobacco advertising ban and the legislation making public places smokefree - have also meant the number of smokers has continued to drop. Large shops and supermarkets have recently removed tobacco from sight, with smaller retailers doing the same in 2015.

The next step is to reduce one of the remaining means of tobacco marketing to children. The government is due to consult on removing all branding from tobacco packaging. This would mean the glitzy, brightly-coloured packs would become a uniform colour, size and shape. Further measures at EU level could introduce large picture warnings on the front and back of the pack.

Jean King, Cancer Research UK’s director of tobacco control, said: “These latest figures highlight the deadly impact of tobacco. The continuing rise of lung cancer in women reflects the high number of female smokers several decades ago when attitudes were different. Tobacco advertising hasn’t appeared on UK television since 1965, but that didn’t stop the marketing of cigarettes. New, more sophisticated marketing techniques have lured many hundreds of thousands into starting an addiction that will kill half of all long term smokers.

“It’s vital that the UK closes one of the last remaining loopholes that portrays smoking as something glamorous and normal, rather than the lethal product it truly is. Ending the packet racket and putting all cigarettes in plain packs with large health warnings is crucial. No one wants to see children take up smoking, and while plain packs won’t stop everyone from smoking, it will give millions of children one less reason to start.”

Sara Hiom, Cancer Research UK’s information director, said: “Lung cancer continues to claim far too many lives. More than four in five cases of the disease are caused directly by smoking. But this means nearly one in five cases is not. It's really important that anyone with a cough that lasts for three weeks or a worsening or a change in a long-standing cough get this checked out.

“Also, it’s never too late to give up smoking – you will reduce your risk of developing lung cancer and other serious diseases. Your GP or local pharmacy can advise you where to find your local NHS support services.”

Source: CRUK