On September 20, 2022, the Food and Drug Administration approved sodium thiosulfate to reduce the risk of ototoxicity associated with cisplatin in paediatric patients 1 month and older with localised, non-metastatic solid tumours.

Efficacy was evaluated in two multicenter open-label, randomised controlled trials in paediatric patients undergoing treatment with cisplatin-based chemotherapy for cancer: SIOPEL 6 (NCT00652132) and COG ACCL0431 (NCT00716976).

SIOPEL 6 enrolled 114 patients with standard risk hepatoblastoma undergoing 6 cycles of perioperative cisplatin-based chemotherapy.

Patients were randomised (1:1) to receive cisplatin-based chemotherapy with or without sodium thiosulfate administered at various doses of 10 g/m2, 15 g/m2, or 20 g/m2 based on actual body weight.

The primary outcome was the percentage of patients with Brock Grade ≥1 hearing loss, assessed using pure tone audiometry after treatment or at an age of at least 3.5 years, whichever was later.

The incidence of hearing loss was lower in the sodium thiosulfate and cisplatin arm (39%) compared with the cisplatin alone arm (68%); unadjusted relative risk 0.58 (95% CI: 0.40, 0.83).

COG ACCL0431 enrolled 125 paediatric patients with solid tumours undergoing a chemotherapy regimen including cumulative cisplatin doses of 200 mg/m2 or higher, with individual cisplatin doses to be infused over 6 hours or less.

Patients were randomised (1:1) to receive cisplatin-based chemotherapy with or without sodium thiosulfate.

Efficacy was evaluated in a subset of 77 patients with localised, non-metastatic solid tumours.

The primary outcome was hearing loss according to American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) criteria, assessed at baseline and 4-weeks after the final course of cisplatin.

The incidence of hearing loss was lower in the sodium thiosulfate and cisplatin arm (44%) compared with the cisplatin alone arm (58%); unadjusted relative risk 0.75 (95% CI: 0.48, 1.18).

The most common adverse reactions in the two trials (≥25% with difference between arms of >5% compared to cisplatin alone) were vomiting, nausea, decreased hemoglobin, hypernatremia, and hypokalemia.

The recommended sodium thiosulfate dose is based on surface area according to actual body weight.

Sodium thiosulfate is administered as an intravenous infusion over 15 minutes following cisplatin infusions that are 1 to 6 hours in duration.

Source: Food and Drug Administration