Dr Ricardo Santos speaks to ecancer about the use of artificial intelligence in lung cancer screening and incidental pulmonary nodule programmes in Brazil.

He discusses the use of AI for lung nodule classification, highlighting its high negative predictive value while emphasising that radiologist expertise remains essential, particularly when assessing potentially positive nodules.

Dr Santos also explains how AI can support patient identification, risk stratification and navigation, including the use of natural language processing, radiomics and established lung cancer risk prediction models.

He highlights the potential for multimodal AI approaches combining imaging, clinical and environmental data, while discussing data protection, international collaboration and the importance of using AI to support rather than replace radiologists.