Dr. Milind Javle speaks at the Choosing Wisely Meeting & BMC Conclave about the significant impact of healthcare economics on patients, with a large percentage of bankruptcies linked to medical costs. He highlights the importance of enhancing primary oncological care, particularly for biliary tract cancer, which demands accurate diagnosis. Dr. Javle discusses how immunotherapy and new molecular targeted therapies are improving outcomes, while the rising incidence of cholangiocarcinoma—especially in India and China—is associated with obesity. He emphasises the critical role of precision medicine in tailoring treatments to individual patients.